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This schematic shows the basic components of a reverse-osmosis watermaker. In practice, the devices may be much more complex. Some models, for example, use the pressure of the exiting brine to assist the high-pressure pump, thus conserving energy.

Pressing pure water out of the sea Issue 77 : Mar/Apr 2011 Osmosis is a natural process in which molecules of a liquid spontaneously pass through a semi-permeable membrane. The direction of fl ow acro...